The Origin of Baptists

alKt;x¿sf] pTklQ

Pp6f rlr{t egfO{ 5, hxfF b'O{ hgf alKt;x¿ hDdf x'G5g\ ToxfF tLg km/s ljrf/x¿ lg:sG5g\ . jf:tjd} hj xfdL alKt; Oltxf;nfO{ kms]{/ x]g]{ sf]lz; u5f}+, kSs klg olx l:yltsf] hGd x'g k'U5 . Oltxf; kN6fpFbf alKt; Oltxf;, ljZjf; / hGdsf] af/]df o:t} ljljw km/s–km/s ljrf/x¿ hlGdPsf] kfOG5 . w/} Oltxf;sf/x¿ / ljåfgx¿n] cf–cfˆg} dtx¿ Kf|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

Oltxf;, jf:tjd} Ps o:tf] ljifo xf] h'g k|foM leGg dtåf/f ;lhPsf] x'G5 . cem egf}+, dtx¿ aflemPsf x'G5g\ . alKt; Oltxf; klg Ps o:t} ljifoj:t' xf] h;df k|z:t} dt leGgtf kfOG5 . cem ljif]ztM alKt;x¿sf] pTklQsf] af/]df km/s–km/s dtx¿ lbOPsf] kfOG5 .

alKt;x¿sf] pTklQsf] af/]df ljleGg k|Zgx¿ ;f]lwg] u5{g\ . h:t}, alKt;x¿ slxn] ;'? eP < klxnf] alKt; sf] xf] < klxnf] alKt; d08nL s'g xf] < alKt;x¿sf] ;+:yfks sf] x'g\ < cflb === . oL k|Zg ;/n g} b]lvG5g\ . oL k|Zg ;'Ggdf hlt ;lhnf b]lvG5g\ jf:tjdf pQ/ lbg TolQg} ufx|f] 5g\ . /f]rs s'/f t s] 5 eg], alKt;x¿sf] ;'?jft\ s;}n] alKt;df lbg] o'xGgf t s;}n] o]z" v|Li6 :jo+ ;Fu hf]8\5g\ . TolQ dfq sxfF xf], / s;}n] alKt;x¿nfO{ klxnf] dflg; cfbddf kf] k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .

To;f] eP, alKt;sf] pTklQ klxnf] dflg; cfbd, kZrtfksf] alKt;df lbg] JolSt alKt;df lbg] o"xGgf, o]z" v|Li6 s;nfO{ dfGg] < s] alKt;x¿sf] ;+:yfks cfbd x'g\ t < jf alKt;df lbg] o"xGgf < ls o]z" v|Li6 :jo+ < o:t} xf:o:kb ts{x¿n] ubf{ klg alKt; pTklQ / o; af/] pTkGGf lalaw k|Zgsf] pQ/nfO{ cem ufx|f] agfPsf] 5 . ca xfdL oxfF alKt;x¿sf] pTklQsf af/]df /flvPsf ljleGg dtx¿sf] af/]df cWoog ug]{5f}+ .

!= leGg} c+u|]h ljZjf;sf] k|ltkmn– ;]k|]l6Hd (Outgrowth of English Separatism)–

of] dt c+u|]hx¿sf] :jtGq ljZjf; jf cfˆg} Ps leGg ljZjf; ePsf] ;d"x lgdf{0f ug]{ cleofg af6 alKt; ;'? ePsf] eGg] ljrf/df cfwfl/t 5 . of] ;d"x To:tf] ;d"x lyof] h'g ;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s ?kdf tTsflng cGo d08nL / d08nL ;d"x eGbf leGg} lyof] . oxfF ;Dd ls, k|f]6]i6]Go d08nLx¿ laraf6} 5'6} dfu / cfjfh lnPsf] Pp6f ;d"x lyof] of] . To;}n] klg onfO{ s;}–s;}n] k[ystfjfbLx¿ Klg eg]sf 5g\ .

O+|UNof08df Sofyf]lns d08nLaf6 5'6]/ Pp6f d08nL ;d"xsf] hGd ePsf] lyof], h;nfO{ O+|UNof08sf] d08nL jf rr{ ckm O+|UNof08 (Church of England) eg]/ lrlgGYof] . of] ;d'xdf klg cem} s]xL gsf/fTds s'/fx¿ ljBdfg lyP . of] ;d'xdf o:tf dflg;x¿ klg lyP hf] o;} ;d'x leq} /x]/ d08nLdf kl/jt{g Nofpg rfxGy], hf] x¿ Ko"/L6LoG; eg]/ lrlgP .

of] dt cGgfalKt; (Anabaptists) x¿sf] Go'gtd k|efjnfO{ dWogh/ ul/ ;'?ul/Psf] dflgG5 . To;}n] klg alKt;x¿sf] ;'?jftnfO{ s;}–s;}n] cgfalKt;x¿;Fu hf]8]g] u/]sf6g\ . ;a} eGbf klxnf] alKt; d08nL cd{:6{8d (Amsterdam) df ;g\ !^)( df ;'? ePsf] dflgG5, h;sf] kfi6/ hf]g l:dy (John Smyth) lyP . of] d08nL æljZjf;Lx¿sf] alKt;dfÆ df cfwfl/t lyof] / oxL cfwf/n] g} klxnf] alKt; d08nL :yfkgf ug{ ;kmn klg /Xof] . o;sf] s]xL ;do kl5 g} cyf{t\ ;g\ !^!! df kfi6/ hf]g l:dyn] of] d08nL 5f]8] tTkZrft o; d08nL g]t[Tj yf]d; x]Nj]; (Thomas Helwys) n] lnP .

alKt; d08nLsf] ;'?jft ;DalGw cfPsf ljleGg dtx¿ dWo] of] dt P]ltxfl;s ?kdf alnof] b]lvG5 / k|foM w]/}n] oxL dtnfO{ dfG5g\ . s]xL n]vsx¿ jLnLod Pr= XjfO6\;L6 (William H. Whitsitt), /f]a6{ hL= 6f]j]{6 (Robert G. Torbet), jLgy|f]K; P;= x8\;g (Winthrop S. Hudson), jLnLod hL= DofSnf]pUnLg (William G. McLoughlin) / /f]a{6 P= af{s/ (Robert A. Baker) cflb n]vsx¿n] ;d]t of] dtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

@= PgfalKt;x¿sf] k|efj (Influence of Anabaptists)-

of] dt cg';f/ alKt; c+u|]h :jtGq ljZjf;sf] k|ltkmn ePtf klg, oLgLx¿n] PgfalKt;x¿;Fu cem} a9L ljjfb u/] . of] dt cg';f/ s]xL ;'?sf alKt;x¿ Pgf alKt;x¿af6 k|efljt ePsfx¿ x'g\ . 8r\ PgfalKt; (Dutch Anabaptists or Mennonites) x¿n] hg/n alKt; (General Baptists) x¿;Fu s]xL ldNbf] l;4fGtdf laZjf; uy]{ . ;wf/0f alKt;x¿n] lgDg lnlvt l;4fGtdf ljZjf; uy]{–

· ljZjf;Lsf] alKt;df (Believer's baptism)

· wfld{s :jtGqtf (Religious liberty)

· d08nL / /fHo ljr leGgtf (Separation of church and state)

· d'StL ;DaGwL cfd]{gLog l;4fGt (Arminian views of salvation)

· k"j{ 5gf}6 / kfkL :jefj wf/0f (Predestination and original sin) cflb .

t/ o; afx]s, PgfalKt; / alKt;x¿df k|z:t} leGgtfx¿ klg lyof] . h; dWo] s]xL d'Vof leGgtfx¿ lgDg lyP–

· o'4 k"0f{tM unt xf] (Pacifism)

· ef}lts ;fdu|Lsf] ;femfs/0f (Communal sharing of earthly goods)

· dfgjLo k|s[lt k|lt c–k/Dk/fut cfzfjfbL ( An unorthodox optimistic view of human nature) cflb d'Vo lyP .

s]xL alKt;x¿n] of] dtnfO{ cfwf/ dfG5g\ . of] dt dfGg] n]vsx¿df P=;L= cG8/j8{ (A.C. Underwood) / jLnLd cf/= :6]k (William R. Estep) k|d'v x'g\ . o:t} cGo s]xL ;dsflng alKt; ljåfgx¿n] klg of] l;4fGtnfO{ dfG5g\ .

#= afOanLo lzIffx¿sf] lg/Gt/tf (Continuation of Biblical Teachings)

s]xL alKt;x¿ PgfalKt; cleofg eGbf ;tfAbLcf}+ cl3 b]lv alKt; ljZjf;n] lg/Gt/tf lnPsf] dfG5g\ . t/ of] dt dfGg] alKt;x¿ klxn] b]lvs} ;+ul7s alKt; d08nL jf d08nL ;d'x lyof] eGg]df Tolt k|i6 5}gg\ . pgLx¿sf cg';f/ alKt; ljZjf; o]z" v|Li6sf] ;do df g} lyof] / To;n] g} lg/Gt/tf kof] . of] l;4fGtdf ;'?sf y'k|} ljåfgx¿ / alKt; Oltxf;sf/x¿n] ljZjf; uy]{ .

of] dtdf ljZjf; ug]{x¿ k|foM dflg;x¿ alKt;nfO{ klg cGo ljleGg ;Dk|fbfox¿ cuf8L Pp6f ;Dk|fbfosf] ?kdf alKt;nfO{ lrgfpg rfxg]x¿ lyP . sf/0f of] l;4fGtn] alKt;nfO{ ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] / cflwsfl/s ;Dk|fbfosf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;SYof] . of] dt k|:t't ug]{x¿df yf]d; qmf];j] (Thomas Crosby) klg k5{g\, hf] k|f/lDes alKt; OltxfF;sf/ klg dflgG5g\ . pgn] !&)) lt/ alKt; Oltxf; n]v]sf lyP . To; af/]s o; dtnfO{ k5\ofpg] n]vsx¿df P=Pr= Go"d]g (A.H. Newman) / 8]le8 a]g]l8S6 (David Benedict) klg k5{g\ .

$= alKt; d08nLsf] ;f·nf]– ;S;];g (Succession of Baptist Churches)

of] dt jf l;åfGt em08} afOanLo lzIffsf] lg/Gt/tf eGg] cl3Nnf] l;4fGt;Fu d]n vfG5 . o; dt cg';f/ alKt;sf] lg/Gt/tf Tof] ;doaf6} ;'? ePsf] xf], h; ;dodf alKt;df lbg] o"xGgfn] dflg;x¿nfO{ lzIff lbP / ;]jsfO u/] . o; dtcg';f/ alKt;sf] ;'?jft\ t o]z" v|Li6sf] ;]jsfOeGbf cem cl3 ;'? ePsf] lyof] . of] dtnfO{ h]=Pd= Sof/f]n (J.M.Carroll) n] /utsf] dfu{ (Trail of Blood) nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ n]v]sf] k':tsdf of] dtnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .

of] dt nfO{ o¿zn]d–ob{g–ox"Ggf -alKt;df lbg]_ l;4fGt klg elgG5 . of] l;4fGt dfGg]x¿n] ljz]iftM alKt;df lbg] o"xGgf / pgsf] alKt;dfnfO{ hf]8]/ tTsflng ;doaf6} alKt;x¿sf] ;'?jft\ ePsf] ts{ lbG5g\ -dtL #M!–#, ds{=!M$_ . t/ of] ts{ cfkm}+df unt 5 . o; dtnfO{ dfGg g;lsg] sf/0fsf] ?kdf df]l/;n] lgDg b'O{ j6f ts{ k|:t't u5{g–

!= alKt;df lbg] o"xGgfsf] c+u|]hL ¿kf\gt/0fdf g} ;d:of 5 . alKt;df lbg] o"xGgf c+u|]hLdf hf]g b AoflK6i6 (John the Baptist) n]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiff cg';f/ AoflK6i6 (Baptist) jf g]kfnLdf alKt; eg]sf] gfd (Noun) xf] of] lqmof (Verb) xf]Og . oxfF o"xGgfsf] nflu k|of]u ulPsf] AoflK6i6 gfpF geP/ pgn] u/]sf] sfd xf] . To;}sf/0f c+u|]hLdf hf]g b AoflK6i6 xf]Og hf]g b AofK6fOh/ x'g'kg]{ xf] . h;n] o"xGgfn] u/]sf] sfd jf lbPsf] alKt;dfnfO{ b]vfpF5 . xfdLn] u|Ls efiffdf cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] klg ToxL s'/f kfpF5f}+ . t;y{ c+u|]hL ?kfGt/ nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ alKt;x¿nfO{ alKt;df lbg] o"xGgf ;Fu hf]8\g' cfwf/lxg b]lvG5 .

@= alKt;df lbg] o"xGgfn] lbPsf] alKt;df kZrtfksf] alKt;df lyof] . h'g alKt;dfnfO{ w]/} ljåfgx¿ gofF s/f/sf] alKt;df ;Fu Pp6} xf] eGg ;ls+b}g . alKt;df lbg] o"xGgfn] lbPsf] alKt;df cfpg nfu]sf] qmf]waf6 aRgsf] lglDt lbOPsf] kZrtfksf] alKt;df lyof] . / ;fy} ;f] alKt;dfn] cfpg nfu]sf] dl;xsf] lglDt tof/Lsf] alKt;df lyof] .

alKt;x¿sf] nflu, alKt;df kfk Ifdfsf] lglDt xf]Og t/ cg'ej ul/Psf] ljZjf;sf] k|df0fLs/0f (Confirmation of an experienced faith) dfq xf] / h;n] gofF af6f]df lx+8\sf] lglDt ul/Psf] ;dk{0fnfO{ b]vfpF5 -/f]d=^M#–$_ . alKt;x¿ of] ljZjf; 5{g\ alKt;df p4f/ kfpgsf] lglDt xf]Og t/ p4f/kfPsf] k|df0f rflxF xf] -k|]=@M$!_ .

of] dt cg';f/ d08nL Oltxf;df /f]dg Sofyf]lnssf] afx'Notf / xflnd'xfnL /x]sf] ;dodf klg /f]dg Sofyf]lns dt eGbf leGg /x]/ ;]jf ul//x]sf ljZjf;Lx¿sf] e"m08nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ alKt; d08nL lg/Gt/ ?kdf klxnf] ztfAbLaf6} /lx cfPsf] s'/f k|:t't u5{ . of] dtn] eg] cg';f/ tyfkL To; ;dodf alKt; gfdfs/0f eg] ePsf] lyPg t/ alKt; dt k5\ofpg]x¿ eg] lyP .

pgLx¿nfO{ oL lgDg b'O{ sf/0fx¿n] alKt; ePsf] lgrf]8 pgLx¿sf] 5–

· pgLx¿n] afn alKt;df :jLsf/ u/]gg\

· pgLx¿n] O;fO{ x'gsf] lglDt jf O;fO{ ljZjf;df k|j]z ug{sf lglDt /f]dg Sofyf]nLssf] clwsf/ :jLsf/ u/]gg\ .

of] dflysf] s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ dfGgsf] lglDt xfdL;Fu s]xL P]ltxfl;s tYo 5}g . of] s]jn ljZjf; jf ;}4flGts ts{ dfq xf] . alKt;x¿sf] pTklQ ;DaGwL of] dtn] s]xL alKt;x¿sf] dfemdf dfq rrf{ kfof] . o;n] rrf{ gkfpg' / of] dtdf dflg;x¿n] ljZjf; gug'{sf] sf/0f /f]dg Sofyf]lns jf cGo ;Dk|fbfon] dfGotf glbg' xf]Og t/ w]/} alKt;x¿ g} of] dt k|lt ;xdt 5}gg\ . of] dtnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] n]vsx¿df h]=Pd= Sof/f]n (J.M.Carroll), hL=Pr= cf]vf{8 (G.H. Orchard) / h]=Pd= sfd{k (J.M. Cramp) d'Vo x'g\ .

• -of] n]v k|]dgf/fo0f e6/fO{ 4f/f lnlvt k':ts alKt;x?sf] Oltxf; / leGgtf gfds k':tsaf6 lnOPsf] xf] ._